Hiraclitus (535 - 475 BC)

 Heraclitus (c. 535 – c. 475 BCE) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, a native of the Greek city Ephesus, Ionia, on the coast of Asia Minor. He was of distinguished parentage. 
Ephesus  was an ancient Greek city on the coast of Ionia, three kilometres southwest of present-daySelçuk in İzmir Province, Turkey. It was built in the 10th century BC on the site of the former Arzawan capital by Atticand Ionian Greek colonists.
Heraclitus was born to an aristocratic family in Ephesus, Anatolia, in what is now called present-day Efes, Turkey. His father was named either Blosôn or Herakôn.^[7] Diogenes says that he abdicated the kingship (basileia) in favor of his brother and Strabo confirms that there was a ruling family in Ephesus descended from the Ionian founder, Androclus, which still kept the title and could sit in the chief seat at the games, as well as a few other privileges. How much power the king had is another question. Ephesus had been part of the Persian Empire since 547 and was ruled by a satrap, a more distant figure, as the Great King allowed the Ionians considerable autonomy. Diogenes says that Heraclitus used to playknucklebones with the youths in the temple of Artemis and when asked to start making laws he refused saying that the constitution (politeia) was ponera. 
Diogenes relates that Heraclitus had a poor opinion of human affairs. He believed thatHesiod and Pythagoras lacked understanding though learned and that Homer andArchilochus deserved to be beaten. Laws needed to be defended as though they were city walls. Timon is said to have called him a "mob-reviler." Heraclitus hated the Athenians and his fellow Ephesians, wishing the latter wealth in punishment for their wicked ways. Says Diogenes: "Finally, he became a hater of his kind (misanthrope) and wandered the mountains ... making his diet of grass and herbs."
Diogenes also tells us that Heraclitus deposited his book as a dedication in the great temple ofArtemis, the Artemisium, one of the largest temples of the 6th century BCE and one of theSeven Wonders of the Ancient World.

The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World (from left to right, top to bottom):Great Pyramid of Giza, Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Temple of Artemis, Statue of Zeus at Olympia,Mausoleum at Halicarnassus,Colossus of Rhodes, and theLighthouse of Alexandria as depicted by 16th-century Dutch artist Maarten van Heemskerck.
Diogenes Laërtius ascribes the theory that Heraclitus did not complete some of his works because of melancholia to Theophrastus.Later he was referred to as the "weeping philosopher," as opposed to Democritus, who is known as the "laughing philosopher
Democritus was an influential Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher primarily remembered today for his formulation of an atomic theory of the universe.

 c. 535 – c. 475 BCE) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, a native of the Greek city Ephesus, Ionia, on the coast of Asia Minor. He was of distinguished parentage. Little is known about his early life and education, but he regarded himself as self-taught and a pioneer of wisdom