Difference between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy
After getAncient Greek philosophers were among the first to speculate about the nature of matter and many of them formed schools where fundamental questions of nature and morality were debated. We begin with Democritus of Abdera, who was born in Thrace in ancient Greece, and who lived from about 470BC to 380BC. Democritus held that all matter consisted of tiny particles that were so small that they could not be broken down into any smaller pieces. He coined the word `atamos' which literally means invisible.ting his doctoral degree he applied for a service which was rejected due to his bad hand writing.
Epicurus ( 341–270 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher as well as the founder of the school of philosophy calledEpicureanism. Only a few fragments and letters of Epicurus's 300 written works remain. Much of what is known about Epicurean philosophy derives from later followers and commentators.
For Epicurus, the purpose of philosophy was to attain the happy, tranquil life, characterized by ataraxia—peace and freedom from fear—and aponia—the absence of pain—and by living a self-sufficient life surrounded by friends.
The subject taken for research by Karl Marx showed that he w as not satisfied with the alienation of philosophy with reality.
Epicurus is a key figure in the development of science and scientific methodology because of his insistence that nothing should be believed, except that which was tested through direct observation and logical deduction. He was a key figure in the Axial Age, the period from 800 BC to 200 BC, during which, according to Karl Jaspers, similar thinking appeared in China, India, Iran, the Near East, and Ancient Greece.
He regularly admitted women and slaves into his school and was one of the first Greeks to break from the god-fearing and god-worshiping tradition common at the time, even while affirming that religious activities are useful as a way to contemplate the gods and to use them as an example of the pleasant life. Epicurus participated in the activities of traditional Greek religion, but taught that one should avoid holding false opinions about the gods. The gods are immortal and blessed and men who ascribe any additional qualities that are alien to immortality and blessedness are, according to Epicurus, impious. The gods do not punish the bad and reward the good as the common man believes. The opinion of the crowd is, Epicurus claims, that the gods "send great evils to the wicked and great blessings to the righteous who model themselves after the gods," whereas Epicurus believes the gods, in reality, do not concern themselves at all with human beings.
It is not the man who denies the gods worshipped by the multitude, who is impious, but he who affirms of the gods what the multitude believes about them.
Marx mentioned in the Preface of his thesis enormous praises about the Hero , the Prometheus, who suffered lot for the democracy and happiness of human being. Prometheus ( meaning "forethought")] is aTitan in Greek mythology, best known as the deity in Greek mythology who was the creator of mankind and its greatest benefactor, who gave mankind fire stolen from Mount Olympus.
Pic 1- Prometheus depicted in a sculpture by Nicolas-Sébastien Adam, 1762 (Louvre), pic 2 - Prometheus Brings Fire byHeinrich Friedrich Füger. Prometheus brings fire to mankind as told by Hesiod, with its having been hidden as revenge for the trick at Mecone., pic 3 - Heracles freeing Prometheus from his torment by the eagle (Attic black-figure cup, c. 500 BCE), pic 4 - Heracles freeing Prometheus, relief from the Temple of Aphrodite atAphrodisias, pic 5 - Creation of humanity by Prometheus as Athena looks on (Roman-era relief, 3rd century AD), pic 6 - Prometheus watches Athena endow his creation with reason (painting by Christian Griepenkerl, 1877), pic 7 - Mythological narrative of Prometheus by Piero di Cosimo (1515), pic 8 - Chained Prometheus by Jacques de l'Ange, c. 1640-1650.
Marx submitted his thesis on 15th April 1841 in Jena Univrsity of Germany and got Doctor of Law.
Jena University of Germany
After completion of his Doctorate degree Marx wanted to do three things,
1. To deliver lecture in a College, 2. To continue his scientific research work, and 3. to organise a magazine of non-believer of God .But these ideas were not fulfilled. Prussian Govt. with opposite ideology stopped publication of all sorts of progressive magazines. The Prussian Govt. stopped all sorts of independent thinking. Under such circumstances Marx gave up the idea of taking teaching as his profession. He adopted to serve his countrymen in revolutionary journalism.
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