Development of productive forces and change of productive relations

Introduction :
Many species, big and small,  were born on the surface of the earth . Some of them were extinguished and proved themselves unsuccessful in the fight of survival of the fittest. Some small species survived for they could grasp the Technic of living. Human being are the greatest animal among all the species on the earth and proved themselves fittest to survive and it will go on living till the earth lives.
The great men on earth including Budhadev, Jesus Christ, Prophet Muhammad, different Philosophers including Marx-Engels studied the relations between the nature and nature, nature and man,  man and man and man and god and came to different conclusions contributing well being of human society. It is only Marx-Engels who interpreted these relations in the line of Productive forces and Productive relation and showed that the contradiction between the two contributes to the development  of Human Society and this contradiction can be minimized to such a level as to make the human society developed to such an extent where the people can share to the his contribution fully and enjoy the benefits as they need.

    
Savagery ;
Productive Forces;
i) In the lower stage no productive force was developed other than hands of a human being. Only fruits gathered from the forest were their foods. As a result humans were helpless to the natural phenomenon and could not prepare their food and take no food other than the fruits, stems, roots and the leaves.

Social Life of 1st stage;

 The development of articulate speech is the main result of this period. Of all the peoples known to history nothing was known at this primitive level. People lived an animal life including sexual behavior.  That originally man lived in a state of sexual promiscuity [as said by Engels] , to describe which Bachofen uses the mistaken term “hetaerism”;

ii) In the middle stage humans observing the fire by the friction of two woods and began to live on fishing.  They developed the relation between fish and fire. At first,  human being prepared bows and arrows as the first productive forces . They began to form groups for hunting.
Productive Relation;

(1) That originally man lived in a state of sexual promiscuity, to describe which Bachofen uses the mistaken term “hetaerism”;

(2) that such promiscuity excludes any certainty of paternity, and that descent could therefore be reckoned only in the female line, according to mother-right, and that this was originally the case amongst all the peoples of antiquity;

(3) that since women, as mothers, were the only parents of the younger generation that were known with certainty, they held a position of such high respect and honor that it became the foundation, in Bachofen’s conception, of a regular rule of women (gynaecocracy);

(4) that the transition to monogamy, where the woman belonged to one man exclusively, involved a violation of a primitive religious law (that is, actually a violation of the traditional right of the other men to this woman), and that in order to expiate this violation or to purchase indulgence for it the woman had to surrender herself for a limited period.

At this time it was summer and the human being need no dress to cover their body and shelter for their living. 

They began to cover their body in winter with the skin of the animals and used caves for their shelter. They used to make huts with mud or dug the earth where there was no caves.
Social stage of Middle stage;
With this new source of nourishment, men now became independent of climate and locality; even as savages, they could, by following the rivers and coasts, spread over most of the earth. Proof of these migrations is the distribution over every continent of the crudely worked, unsharpened flint tools of the earlier Stone Age, known as “palaeoliths,” all or most of which date from this period.
Development of Productive forces made food and shelter easier. At this stage they began small groups for hunting. The aged persons usually went for hunting and the females members remained in their shelter for collecting fruits and other materials for their intake. Thus Division of Labour was started between the sexes [male and female] at this stage.