Class Character of Ancient Civilisation

Civilisation first grew up in four places.
1. North Africa,
2.West Asia,
3. India,
4.China
The natural condition of Egypt and Mesopatamia was very fertile. The lower point where the two rivers Tygris and Euphrates met was known as Sennar. At that place the Tribes Sumer lived in 4000 to 5000 BC. The land of Sennar became fertile due to the flood of sea. They were accustomed with irrigation by
 constructing dams and canals. the labourers were free from exploitation as at present. There was no master and no exploitation.All the works were done by the labour of all the persons of the community. Redistribution of land was done, if necessary. The best lands were given to the old and leaders of the community. These lands were inherited by their next generation. During the next time of redistribution, these lands remained to the owners as it was. The priests were also allotted the best lands.By removing  water from the swampy lands, they extended their lands an for this purpose they utilised the labour of the poor section of the community. Some people took loans from these leaders, priests or old in their distress condition which they could not repay .Thus these people became landless and converted to land-slaves.
In Mesopotamia and Egypt inequality developed in a joint family. A section of them became rich and another poor. Thus two classes were developed - haves and have nots. and exploitation began. The main characteristics of civilisation was class rule. The first states were developed in Mesopotamia and Egypt and its effect of culture and administration were spread to other places.
  Sometimes the tribes of the hilly sides attacked the people of the plain land. In the war fare the old people and the leaders of the community participated. They usually used weapons made up of Bronze. The ordinary farmers could not participate in the war. Gradually the war became their monopoly. Thus they became the king of the community.
They created dams to save the country from floods by heaps of mud They also prepared Cities and Temples on such heaps of mud. The type of labour was much more efficient from the present day. These lakes rivers , dams  were of community property. Those who used to give labour to create such properties dams, lakes, were not exploited. Land of a community were distributed and redistributed among the members of the community but the best lands were given to the leaders and the seniors. These lands were inherited by the descendants . During redistribution these lands used to remain to the previous owner.  The priests were given the fertile lands. Sometimes these leaders, seniors and the priests gathered more lands by encroaching the nearby marshy lands. Sometimes the farmers took loans to cultivate their land and gradually became landless farmers. Only the leaders and the seniors were allowed to take weapons to fight the enemies. 
The Kings and leaders became the upper class of the societies and the slave farmers or slave craftsmen became the lower class. Thus a feudalistic society developed in that time.