The Growth of Civilisation

Thousands and thousands of years elapsed since the human society became civilised. The main important factors of an ancient  civilised society were the development of weapons with the help of metals, use of animal as a productive forces, and large scale irrigation for the development of agriculture. The centre of human society was city  where the main pivots of the society such as King, businessmen, hand-loom industry, priests were available. Other important things were development of conveyances and trade facilities.

In the barbarous age the centre of human society was village. The only products for living were agriculture. The weapons for agriculture were made up of stones and  shelters, garments, were also made up of stones, leaves etc. Weaving of garments and  making of earthen pots, they could only prepare.
The first human civilisations were perceived in North Africa and West Asia in
about 3000 to 4000 BC.
Almost all the great civilisations originated in river valleys,  nourished by trade, and came to maturity in cities.The conditions of life in the cities provided the intellectual stimulus in which philosophers and scientists could study the meaning of the Universe and the nature of matter; artists and writers could express the ideals and aspirations of their people through the medium of
architecture, literature, paintings, and music.
The course of civilization can be traced in four geographical areas. 1. valleys of Nile, 2. Tygris and Euphratis, 3. Indus valley civilization, and 4. Yellow river valley (Chinese civilization).

Rise of civilization

Cuneiform—earliest known writing system

The Neolithic Revolution, beginning about 8,000 BCE, saw the development of agriculture, which drastically changed the human lifestyle. Farming permitted far denser populations, which in time organised into states. Agriculture also created food surpluses that could support people not directly engaged in food production. The development of agriculture permitted the creation of the first cities. These were centres of trade, manufacturing and political power with nearly no agricultural production of their own. Cities established a symbiosis with their surrounding countrysides, absorbing agricultural products and providing, in return, manufactured goods and varying degrees of military control and protection.
The development of cities was synonymous with the rise of civilization. Early civilizations arose first in lower Mesopotamia (3500 BCE), followed by Egyptian civilization along the Nile (3000 BCE) and the Harappan civilization in the Indus Valley (in present-day Pakistan; 2500 BCE). These societies developed a number of unifying characteristics, including a central government, a complex economy and social structure, sophisticated language and writing systems, and distinct cultures and religions. Writing was another pivotal development in human history, as it made the administration of cities and expression of ideas far easier.
As complex civilizations arose, so did complex religions, and the first of their kind apparently originated during this period. Entities such as the Sun, Moon, Earth, sky, and sea were often deified. Shrines developed, which evolved into temple establishments, complete with a complex hierarchy of priests and priestesses and other functionaries. Typical of the Neolithic was a tendency to worship anthropomorphic deities. Among the earliest surviving written religious scriptures are the Egyptian Pyramid Texts, the oldest of which date to between 2400 and 2300 BCE. Some archaeologists suggest, based on ongoing excavations of a temple complex at Göbekli Tepe ("Potbelly Hill") in southern Turkey, dating from c. 11,500 years ago, that religion predated the Agricultural Revolution rather than following in its wake, as had generally been assumed.
As the civilisation developed along the course of the river it is called River Valley Civilisation.